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It has been a long-standing effort to create materials with low density but high strength. Technical foams are very light, but compared with bulk materials, their strength is quite low because of their random structure. Natural lightweight materials, such as bone, are cellular solids with optimized architecture. They are structured hierarchically and actually consist of nanometer-size building blocks, providing a benefit from mechanical size effects. In this paper, we demonstrate that materials with a designed microarchitecture, which provides both structural advantages and size-dependent strengthening effects, may be fabricated. Using 3D laser lithography, we produced micro-truss and -shell structures from ceramic–polymer composites that exceed the strength-to-weight ratio of all engineering materials, with a density below 1,000 kg/m 3. To enhance the strength-to-weight ratio of a material, one may try to either improve the strength or lower the density, or both.

The lightest solid materials have a density in the range of 1,000 kg/m 3; only cellular materials, such as technical foams, can reach considerably lower values. However, compared with corresponding bulk materials, their specific strength generally is significantly lower. Cellular topologies may be divided into bending- and stretching-dominated ones. Uchebnik artemenko organicheskaya himiya. Technical foams are structured randomly and behave in a bending-dominated way, which is less weight efficient, with respect to strength, than stretching-dominated behavior, such as in regular braced frameworks. Cancellous bone and other natural cellular solids have an optimized architecture.

Their basic material is structured hierarchically and consists of nanometer-size elements, providing a benefit from size effects in the material strength. Designing cellular materials with a specific microarchitecture would allow one to exploit the structural advantages of stretching-dominated constructions as well as size-dependent strengthening effects. In this paper, we demonstrate that such materials may be fabricated. Download dragon ball af episode 1 mp4. Applying 3D laser lithography, we produced and characterized micro-truss and -shell structures made from alumina–polymer composite.

Jun 2, 2017 - The digital documentation team uses 3D scan data to enhance more. The torrent of ideas, and it is only a positive for the future of ceramics in.

Size-dependent strengthening of alumina shells has been observed, particularly when applied with a characteristic thickness below 100 nm. The presented artificial cellular materials reach compressive strengths up to 280 MPa with densities well below 1,000 kg/m 3. The suitability of a material for lightweight applications is determined mainly by two properties: the specific strength and the specific stiffness, here defined as the strength and stiffness of a material divided by its density.